gui-control

1С GUI Control via X11

Purpose

The skill teaches an agent to control the 1С graphical interface in environments that use a virtual X11 display (Xvfb). It is used when standard tools (ЖР, ТЖ) are unavailable or insufficient — for example, when the database "hangs" on an error dialog and cannot exit cleanly.

Stack:

Xvfb :99 (virtual framebuffer)
    ├── python-xlib   → reads window metadata (titles, geometry), simulates input
    └── PIL ImageGrab → reads framebuffer pixels → screenshot

Principle: X11 control is an action, not diagnostics. Use it only when a GUI dialog that blocks the normal termination of the database is detected. Analyze the root causes through ЖР (event-log-analysis).

When to apply

Environment setup

import os
os.environ['DISPLAY'] = ':99'

The variable must be set before importing Xlib and PIL.

Usage Scenarios

Scenario 1: Detect a 1С error dialog

Goal: verify whether the GUI is stuck on an error dialog without reading ЖР.

import os
os.environ['DISPLAY'] = ':99'
from Xlib import display

d = display.Display()
root = d.screen().root

error_windows = []
for win in root.query_tree().children:
    name = win.get_wm_name()
    wm_class = win.get_wm_class()
    if wm_class and '1cv8' in wm_class:
        if name and any(kw in name for kw in ['Ошибка', 'Предупреждение', 'Error']):
            error_windows.append({'id': win.id, 'name': name})

print(error_windows)

Interpretation:

Scenario 2: Close the error dialog and exit the database

Goal: close the database "naturally" after detecting an error dialog so that ЖР can be analyzed later.

Key sequence:

1. Enter — close the error dialog.
2. Escape — initiate application shutdown.
3. Enter — confirm exit.

import os, time
os.environ['DISPLAY'] = ':99'
from Xlib import display, X
from Xlib.ext.xtest import fake_input

def send_key(d, keycode, delay=0.3):
    fake_input(d, X.KeyPress, keycode)
    d.flush()
    time.sleep(delay)
    fake_input(d, X.KeyRelease, keycode)
    d.flush()
    time.sleep(delay)

d = display.Display()
ENTER  = d.keysym_to_keycode(0xFF0D)
ESCAPE = d.keysym_to_keycode(0xFF1B)

send_key(d, ENTER)   # close the error dialog
time.sleep(1)
send_key(d, ESCAPE)  # initiate shutdown
time.sleep(1)
send_key(d, ENTER)   # confirm shutdown

Important: after execution wait 2–3 seconds and verify via Scenario 1 that no 1С windows remain.

Scenario 3: Screenshot for the log

Goal: record the screen state before closing the error dialog.

When needed: only for logging or manual debugging. In an automated pipeline — optional, before Step 2.

import os
os.environ['DISPLAY'] = ':99'
from PIL import ImageGrab
from Xlib import display

d = display.Display()
root = d.screen().root

for win in root.query_tree().children:
    name = win.get_wm_name()
    wm_class = win.get_wm_class()
    if wm_class and '1cv8' in wm_class:
        geom = win.get_geometry()
        img = ImageGrab.grab(bbox=(
            geom.x, geom.y,
            geom.x + geom.width,
            geom.y + geom.height
        ))
        path = f'/tmp/onec_{win.id}.png'
        img.save(path)
        print(f'Скриншот сохранён: {path}')

Typical pipeline: tests finished, database not closed

1. search_event_log(from=test_start_time, limit=20)
       │
       ├── there are events, no Error → database is running, wait
       ├── there is an Error            → screenshot (Scenario 3) → close (Scenario 2) → analyze ЖР
       └── no events                   → detect windows (Scenario 1)
                                          │
                                          ├── window with an error → screenshot → close
                                          └── no windows            → database did not start

Safety

Common errors

Capabilities

Related skills