release

Release Workflow

Guides the Backend.AI release process: version bump, changelog generation, and RC consolidation for final releases.

Parameters

• target_version (required): Release version (e.g., 26.2.0, 26.2.0rc2)
• webui_version (optional): WebUI version to bundle

Workflow

Phase 1: Pre-flight

1. Parse parameters

   • Extract target_version from user input (required)
   • Extract webui_version if provided

2. Check current state

   • Read VERSION file for current version
   • Verify clean working tree (git status)
   • Confirm on expected base branch (usually main)

3. Determine release type

   • Pre-release: version contains rc, alpha, beta, or dev (e.g., 26.2.0rc1)
   • Final release: clean semver (e.g., 26.2.0)

4. For final releases, check for prior RC sections

   • Scan CHANGELOG.md for sections matching ## {major}.{minor}.{patch}rc\d+
   • List found RC sections to user
   • These will be consolidated in Phase 3

5. Confirm with user before proceeding

   • Show: target version, release type, WebUI version (if any), RC sections to consolidate (if any)
   • Wait for user approval

Phase 2: Release Script Execution

Run scripts/release.sh which performs these steps:

scripts/release.sh {target_version} [webui_version]

What the script does:

1. Creates branch release/{target_version}
2. Downloads WebUI release (if webui_version provided)
3. Runs quality checks: pants tailor --check, pants check ::
4. Updates VERSION file
5. Runs towncrier to generate changelog entries
6. Generates sample config files
7. Generates API docs (OpenAPI, GraphQL schema)
8. Commits everything as release: {target_version}

Error handling:

• If quality checks fail, report errors and stop
• If towncrier fails, check pyproject.toml towncrier config and changes/ directory
• If config generation fails, check component CLI availability
• On any failure, suggest user fix the issue and re-run the script manually

Phase 3: Changelog Editing

For Pre-release (RC/alpha/beta/dev)

• towncrier generates a flat bullet list under ## {version} (date)
• No editing needed - the flat list is the final format for pre-releases
• Skip directly to Phase 4

For Final Release (RC Consolidation Required)

This is the core value of the skill. When releasing a final version (e.g., 26.2.0), all previous RC changelog sections (e.g., 26.2.0rc1, 26.2.0rc2) must be consolidated into the final version section.

Step 1: Collect RC entries

• Find all RC sections for the same major.minor.patch in CHANGELOG.md
  • Pattern: ## {major}.{minor}.{patch}rc\d+ \(.*\)
• Extract all bullet items from each RC section, grouped by category (### Features, ### Improvements, ### Fixes, etc.)

Step 2: Merge with new entries

• towncrier has already generated the new final version section with any remaining changes/ fragments
• Combine: new entries + all RC entries, deduplicated by PR/issue number
• Group by category: Features, Improvements, Fixes, etc.

Step 3: Remove RC sections

• Delete the RC section blocks from CHANGELOG.md
• Only the final version section should remain

Step 4: Subsection grouping

• For each category (Features, Improvements, Fixes), group related items into #### Subsection Title blocks
• Each subsection gets a 1-2 sentence description explaining the group
• Follow the established pattern from previous final releases (e.g., 26.1.0):

### Features

#### Fair Share Scheduler
Implemented a Fair Share scheduling system for equitable resource distribution.

* Add Fair Share row models with tests and migration ([#8008](https://...))
* Implement Fair Share repository layers ([#8030](https://...))

#### Other Features
* Standalone items that don't form a natural group ([#XXXX](https://...))

### Improvements

#### Storage Proxy Improvements
Introduced StorageTarget abstraction for flexible storage configuration.

* Introduce StorageTarget abstraction ([#7938](https://...))

#### Other Improvements
* Standalone improvement items ([#XXXX](https://...))

Grouping criteria (priority order):

1. Feature Initiative: Group PRs that serve the same goal or project, even if they span multiple layers (model, repository, service, API, CLI). A single initiative = a single group.

   • e.g., "Fair Share Scheduler" — includes row models, repository, service, API, CLI, observer, sequencer
   • e.g., "Sokovan Scheduler Redesign" — includes handler unification, status transitions, coordinator redesign
   • e.g., "Email Notification System" — includes SMTP channel implementation + endpoint lifecycle notifications

2. System/Subsystem: Group PRs that improve a specific system across multiple areas under the system name.

   • e.g., "RBAC System Improvements" — Creator/Purger/Granter, entity_fields, data migration
   • e.g., "RBAC System Data Migration" — batch entity migration to RBAC DB

3. Domain Entity: Group PRs that target the same entity's Action/Repository/Service work under the entity name.

   • e.g., "Scaling Group Management" — Create/Modify/Associate/Disassociate actions
   • e.g., "Model Deployment Data Model Extension" — revision, autoscaling, policy row/repository/API

4. Technical Pattern: Group PRs that apply the same technical pattern across multiple entities under the pattern name.

   • e.g., "Repository Pattern Standardization" — batch Admin*Repository consolidation
   • e.g., "GraphQL DataLoader Extension" — DataLoader implementation for multiple entities
   • e.g., "Code Quality and Consistency" — batch linter rule enablement, refactoring

5. Infrastructure: Group PRs that address infrastructure-level changes under the infrastructure area name.

   • e.g., "Agent RPC Connection Pooling" — pool implementation + migration
   • e.g., "CSV Export Infrastructure" — foundation implementation + per-domain exports

Grouping rules:

• If a PR could belong to multiple groups, place it in the most specific initiative group
• A group requires 2+ PRs, except for significant standalone features which may form a single-PR group
• Items that don't fit any group go under #### Other {Category} (e.g., #### Other Features)
• Subsection descriptions should be past tense, summarizing the group's purpose/outcome in 1-2 sentences
• Never group by component (manager, agent, storage-proxy) — always group by functional area

Step 5: User review

• Present the reorganized changelog to the user
• Wait for approval or requested changes
• Iterate until user is satisfied

Step 6: Amend the release commit

git add CHANGELOG.md
git commit --amend --no-edit

Phase 4: Summary

Report final status:

Release Prepared

  Version:     {target_version}
  Branch:      release/{target_version}
  Type:        {Final Release | Release Candidate | Pre-release}
  WebUI:       {webui_version or "not updated"}
  Changelog:   {N} entries across {M} categories
  RC Merged:   {list of merged RC versions, or "N/A"}

Error Handling

Release script failure

Release script failed at: {step}

Error:
{error_output}

Options:
1. Fix the issue and re-run: scripts/release.sh {target_version} [webui_version]
2. Run remaining steps manually
3. Abort: git checkout main && git branch -D release/{target_version}

No changes/ fragments

No news fragments found in changes/ directory.

This means no new changes since the last release.
If this is a final release consolidating RCs, this is expected - proceed to Phase 3.

Changelog merge conflict

Found duplicate entries during RC consolidation (same PR number in multiple RCs).

Deduplicated entries:
{list}

Using the latest version of each entry.

Examples

RC release

User: /release 26.2.0rc2
Agent: [Checks VERSION, runs release.sh, towncrier generates flat list, reports summary]

Final release with RC consolidation

User: /release 26.2.0
Agent: [Checks VERSION, finds rc1/rc2 sections in CHANGELOG, runs release.sh,
        consolidates RC entries + new entries, groups into subsections,
        presents for review, amends commit, reports summary]

Release with WebUI

User: /release 26.2.0 25.3.2
Agent: [Runs release.sh with WebUI version, full workflow]

Related

• scripts/release.sh - The release automation script
• pyproject.toml - towncrier configuration (fragment types, template)
• changes/ - News fragment directory
• /submit - For regular PR submissions (not releases)